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<title>class Rack::Session::Cookie - rack-2.2.8 Documentation</title>
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<h3>Parent</h3>
<p class="link"><a href="Abstract/PersistedSecure.html">Rack::Session::Abstract::PersistedSecure</a>
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<!-- Method Quickref -->
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<h3>Methods</h3>
<ul class="link-list" role="directory">
<li class="calls-super" ><a href="#method-c-new">::new</a>
<li ><a href="#method-i-delete_session">#delete_session</a>
<li ><a href="#method-i-digest_match-3F">#digest_match?</a>
<li ><a href="#method-i-extract_session_id">#extract_session_id</a>
<li ><a href="#method-i-find_session">#find_session</a>
<li ><a href="#method-i-generate_hmac">#generate_hmac</a>
<li ><a href="#method-i-persistent_session_id-21">#persistent_session_id!</a>
<li ><a href="#method-i-secure-3F">#secure?</a>
<li ><a href="#method-i-unpacked_cookie_data">#unpacked_cookie_data</a>
<li ><a href="#method-i-write_session">#write_session</a>
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<main role="main" aria-labelledby="class-Rack::Session::Cookie">
<h1 id="class-Rack::Session::Cookie" class="class">
class Rack::Session::Cookie
</h1>
<section class="description">
<p><a href="Cookie.html"><code>Rack::Session::Cookie</code></a> provides simple cookie based session management. By default, the session is a Ruby Hash stored as base64 encoded marshalled data set to :key (default: rack.session). The object that encodes the session data is configurable and must respond to <code>encode</code> and <code>decode</code>. Both methods must take a string and return a string.</p>
<p>When the secret key is set, cookie data is checked for data integrity. The old secret key is also accepted and allows graceful secret rotation.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre>use Rack::Session::Cookie, :key => 'rack.session',
:domain => 'foo.com',
:path => '/',
:expire_after => 2592000,
:secret => 'change_me',
:old_secret => 'also_change_me'
All parameters are optional.</pre>
<p>Example of a cookie with no encoding:</p>
<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Session</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Cookie</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">application</span>, {
<span class="ruby-value">:coder</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=></span> <span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Session</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Cookie</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Identity</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>
})
</pre>
<p>Example of a cookie with custom encoding:</p>
<pre class="ruby"><span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Session</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Cookie</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">application</span>, {
<span class="ruby-value">:coder</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=></span> <span class="ruby-constant">Class</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span> {
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">encode</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">str</span>); <span class="ruby-identifier">str</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">reverse</span>; <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">decode</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">str</span>); <span class="ruby-identifier">str</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">reverse</span>; <span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
}.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>
})
</pre>
</section>
<section id="5Buntitled-5D" class="documentation-section">
<section class="attribute-method-details" class="method-section">
<header>
<h3>Attributes</h3>
</header>
<div id="attribute-i-coder" class="method-detail">
<div class="method-heading attribute-method-heading">
<span class="method-name">coder</span><span
class="attribute-access-type">[R]</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="public-class-5Buntitled-5D-method-details" class="method-section">
<header>
<h3>Public Class Methods</h3>
</header>
<div id="method-c-new" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">new</span><span
class="method-args">(app, options = {})</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-calls-super">
Calls superclass method
<a href="Abstract/Persisted.html#method-c-new"><code>Rack::Session::Abstract::Persisted::new</code></a>
</div>
<div class="method-source-code" id="new-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/session/cookie.rb, line 108</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">initialize</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span> = {})
<span class="ruby-ivar">@secrets</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">values_at</span>(<span class="ruby-value">:secret</span>, <span class="ruby-value">:old_secret</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">compact</span>
<span class="ruby-ivar">@hmac</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">fetch</span>(<span class="ruby-value">:hmac</span>, <span class="ruby-constant">OpenSSL</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Digest</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">SHA1</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">warn</span> <span class="ruby-identifier"><<-MSG</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">unless</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">secure?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>)
<span class="ruby-value"> SECURITY WARNING: No secret option provided to Rack::Session::Cookie.
This poses a security threat. It is strongly recommended that you
provide a secret to prevent exploits that may be possible from crafted
cookies. This will not be supported in future versions of Rack, and
future versions will even invalidate your existing user cookies.
Called from: #{caller[0]}.
</span><span class="ruby-identifier"> MSG</span>
<span class="ruby-ivar">@coder</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>[<span class="ruby-value">:coder</span>] <span class="ruby-operator">||=</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Base64</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Marshal</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">super</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">merge!</span>(<span class="ruby-value">cookie_only:</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">true</span>))
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="private-instance-5Buntitled-5D-method-details" class="method-section">
<header>
<h3>Private Instance Methods</h3>
</header>
<div id="method-i-delete_session" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">delete_session</span><span
class="method-args">(req, session_id, options)</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="delete_session-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/session/cookie.rb, line 181</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">delete_session</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">req</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">session_id</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>)
<span class="ruby-comment"># Nothing to do here, data is in the client</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">generate_sid</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">unless</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>[<span class="ruby-value">:drop</span>]
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="method-i-digest_match-3F" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">digest_match?</span><span
class="method-args">(data, digest)</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="digest_match-3F-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/session/cookie.rb, line 186</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">digest_match?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">data</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">digest</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">return</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">unless</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">data</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&&</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">digest</span>
<span class="ruby-ivar">@secrets</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">any?</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span> <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">secret</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span>
<span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Utils</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">secure_compare</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">digest</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">generate_hmac</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">data</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">secret</span>))
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="method-i-extract_session_id" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">extract_session_id</span><span
class="method-args">(request)</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="extract_session_id-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/session/cookie.rb, line 133</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">extract_session_id</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">request</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">unpacked_cookie_data</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">request</span>)[<span class="ruby-string">"session_id"</span>]
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="method-i-find_session" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">find_session</span><span
class="method-args">(req, sid)</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="find_session-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/session/cookie.rb, line 127</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">find_session</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">req</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">sid</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">data</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">unpacked_cookie_data</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">req</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">data</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">persistent_session_id!</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">data</span>)
[<span class="ruby-identifier">data</span>[<span class="ruby-string">"session_id"</span>], <span class="ruby-identifier">data</span>]
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="method-i-generate_hmac" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">generate_hmac</span><span
class="method-args">(data, secret)</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="generate_hmac-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/session/cookie.rb, line 193</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">generate_hmac</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">data</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">secret</span>)
<span class="ruby-constant">OpenSSL</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">HMAC</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">hexdigest</span>(<span class="ruby-ivar">@hmac</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">secret</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">data</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="method-i-persistent_session_id-21" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">persistent_session_id!</span><span
class="method-args">(data, sid = nil)</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="persistent_session_id-21-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/session/cookie.rb, line 150</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">persistent_session_id!</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">data</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">sid</span> = <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">data</span> <span class="ruby-operator">||=</span> {}
<span class="ruby-identifier">data</span>[<span class="ruby-string">"session_id"</span>] <span class="ruby-operator">||=</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">sid</span> <span class="ruby-operator">||</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">generate_sid</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">data</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="method-i-secure-3F" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">secure?</span><span
class="method-args">(options)</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="secure-3F-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/session/cookie.rb, line 197</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">secure?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>)
<span class="ruby-ivar">@secrets</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">size</span> <span class="ruby-operator">>=</span> <span class="ruby-value">1</span> <span class="ruby-operator">||</span>
(<span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>[<span class="ruby-value">:coder</span>] <span class="ruby-operator">&&</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>[<span class="ruby-value">:let_coder_handle_secure_encoding</span>])
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="method-i-unpacked_cookie_data" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">unpacked_cookie_data</span><span
class="method-args">(request)</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="unpacked_cookie_data-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/session/cookie.rb, line 137</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">unpacked_cookie_data</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">request</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">request</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">fetch_header</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">RACK_SESSION_UNPACKED_COOKIE_DATA</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span> <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">k</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">session_data</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">request</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">cookies</span>[<span class="ruby-ivar">@key</span>]
<span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-ivar">@secrets</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">size</span> <span class="ruby-operator">></span> <span class="ruby-value">0</span> <span class="ruby-operator">&&</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">session_data</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">session_data</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">_</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">digest</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">session_data</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">rpartition</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'--'</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">session_data</span> = <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">unless</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">digest_match?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">session_data</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">digest</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">request</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">set_header</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">k</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">coder</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">decode</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">session_data</span>) <span class="ruby-operator">||</span> {})
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="method-i-write_session" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">write_session</span><span
class="method-args">(req, session_id, session, options)</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="write_session-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/session/cookie.rb, line 165</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">write_session</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">req</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">session_id</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">session</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">options</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">session</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">session</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">merge</span>(<span class="ruby-string">"session_id"</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=></span> <span class="ruby-identifier">session_id</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">session_data</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">coder</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">encode</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">session</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-ivar">@secrets</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">first</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">session_data</span> <span class="ruby-operator"><<</span> <span class="ruby-node">"--#{generate_hmac(session_data, @secrets.first)}"</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">session_data</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">size</span> <span class="ruby-operator">></span> (<span class="ruby-value">4096</span> <span class="ruby-operator">-</span> <span class="ruby-ivar">@key</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">size</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">req</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">get_header</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">RACK_ERRORS</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">puts</span>(<span class="ruby-string">"Warning! Rack::Session::Cookie data size exceeds 4K."</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">else</span>
<span class="ruby-constant">SessionId</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">session_id</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">session_data</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
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